Pavement distress is an indication of pavement layer deterioration. There are many types of

deteriorations; however, rutting, defined as the permanent deformation forming longitudinal

surface depressions in the wheel paths, is one of the most important kind of distress that affect

the safety and the ride quality of flexible pavement. The main objective of this study was to

develop an empirical pavement rutting model for the wet freeze zone, which is one of the four

long term pavement performance (LTPP) climate zones, to predict the depth of pavement rutting

on granular bases. Using the LTPP database, the study aimed at a better understanding of the

pavement rutting phenomena and the factors that may affect pavement rutting. Multiple

regression analysis was performed to develop a flexible pavement rutting model. The proposed

model was developed based on the relationship between the response variable rut depth, and

predictor variables of traffic loads, structural number, Marshall stiffness, air voids in the total

mix, and voids in the mineral aggregate. It was found that traffic loads was the predominant

factor that have a significant effect on pavement rutting, which agrees with the existing

literature, as well as engineering knowledge and practice. Following the traffic loads, structural

number was the most significant secondary factor, followed by percent of voids in the total mix,

• voids in the mineral aggregate, and Marshall stiffness.

ABSTRACT

In order to capture the effect of joint progressive stiffness degradation with the hardening effect taken into account, the three parametric continuous model is adopted hereafter for the analytical formulation. The current paper is an extension of the previous work (Gizejowski et al. 2012) giving all the details of the developed model together with a calibration procedure for basic model parameters. Experimental data used was obtained from laboratory tests carried out at the Warsaw University of Technology for beam-to-column joints of different reinforcement ratio. The results of calibration exercise as well as the values of calibrated model parameters are given for practical application.

Problem statement: In the construction industry, success of building projects greatly depends on the client’s performance. The performance of clients is crucial since decisions made will influence the overall project performance. Typically, clients are represented by managerial and technical representatives during the design process. They play major roles in conveying required information to the design team regarding their future project. The quality of clients’ representatives has potential influence on design team performance. In designing green buildings client’s attributes are critical factors to high performance of building projects. Attributes such as knowledge and experience on green buildings, commitment level to green and clients’ ability to participate and manage design process are the key factors to produce green design. The propose of this study to identify current performance level of clients of building projects and establish key clients’ attributes influencing green design performance. Approach: To achieve mentioned aim a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect dada required. A sample of 274 respondents has been covered under the study, including architects and engineers practicing design and consultancy building sectors. Prior to analysis of data WINSTEPS software were used for Rasch modeling to determine validity and reliability of date. Descriptive analysis data includes quantitative and qualitative. Results and Conclusion: Client qualities in general were low, client communication with design team; client involvement and ability to coordinate design process were moderate. However, Knowledge and experience on green …

Abstract

The paper presents studies on numerical modelling of beam-to-column joint behaviour in typical service and exceptional design situations. The complexity of such investigations arises from highly nonlinear effects associated with the prediction of joint performance, such as structural imperfections, large displacements and rotations, inelastic properties of steel and concrete, bonding effects between steel and concrete, and slip between concrete and structural steel, among others. The paper addresses these problems and provides validation of numerical modelling techniques trough comparison with experimental data for joints under hogging and sagging moments. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications.

Increasing concern for environment has made building owners and designers to incorporate green design into their building projects. Buildings take about 40 per cent of energy consumption globally and have significant impact on the productivity and wellbeing of the occupants. However, the quality of design team attributes the quality of clients and the characteristics of the building projects have been argued to be the main factors that determine the green design performance of buildings. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are to measure the green design building performance, the quality of client and the attributes of the design team. This study also measures the extent to which the quality of design team attributes, the quality of clients and the characteristics of the building projects affect the green design performance of buildings.The study adopted a triangulation technique that combined both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection.

The design phase is the most important phase in determining the green performance of building projects. The performance of the design team is crucial. The growing importance of sustainability globally necessitates the inclusion of green criteria in the design team selection process. Therefore, a competent design teams is required to have a range of attributes as the basis for design decisions. The propose of this study to identify current green design performance level of design teams of building projects and establish key design attributes influencing green design performance. To achieve mentioned aim a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect dada required. A sample of 274 respondents has been covered under the study, including architects and engineers practicing design and consultancy building sectors. Prior to analysis of data WINSTEPS software were used to determine validity and reliability of date. Descriptive analysis data includes quantitative and qualitative. In general, design team attributes were moderate (3.32). The general design team attributes were high such experience (3.81), communication (3.43) and leadership effectiveness (3.48). However, green attributes of design team were moderate such as green knowledge (2.98), green skills (3.13) and green initiatives (2.84). The result indicates that most design teams have inadequate knowledge and skills to produce high green design performance of building projects. Therefore, to overcome green design complexity, careful selecting design team members and more education and training courses on green building are required to deal with green design requirements.

The aim of this work was to investigate whether the Malaysian current building projects are considered as “Green Designs”. To achieve this aim a questionnaire survey was conducted. A sample of 274 respondents is covered, which included architects and engineers in the building design and consultancy sectors. WINSTEPS software is used in Rasch modeling to determine the validity and reliability of the data. Descriptive data analysis (quantitative and qualitative) is done. The results reveal that design green building performance, in general, energy efficiency, and indoor air quality requirements are considered moderate. The majority of the designed buildings are with low utilization of recycled and reused materials. Moreover, high utilization of regional materials, low consideration to water efficiency requirements and environmental innovations are also moderate. Design team attributes are the key factors to improve green design performance. Client quality play major role to enhance design team attributes. Therefore, effective Design team attributes and client’s qualities may increase performance of the design green building performance in order to enhance building performance and reduce building impact on environment.

Eurocodes [1], [2] cover presently only the so-called basic design situations where the beam-to-column joints are subjected to hogging bending with a negligible influence of the axial force. Design requirements for structural robustness in case of exceptional or extreme actions are being developed in which the joint ductility demand is one of the primary requirement [3][6]. Localized structural damage due to these actions may propagate through a large portion of a structural system causing its entire collapse or the progressive collapse process may be restricted to the relatively small region that is in proportion to the load effects caused. The latter might be provided by design ensuring the ability of transfer the so-called tying forces. Eurocodes do not give any guidelines on how to calculate the tying resistance of joints, mainly because of lack of experimental evidence on the joint ductility under extreme actions. For robust design, joints need to pose the rotation capacity required for inelastic redistribution process to take place on the so-called alternative equilibrium path. The capability of a structure to sustain local damage is evaluated by a notionally conducted removal of its column(s) and checking whether the local damage may be absorbed by the deteriorated structural system. This requires investigations conducted into the behaviour of joint responses to sagging bending accompanied by an axial tying. This paper is concerned with experimental tests of steel and steel-concrete composite sub-frames through which the beam-to-column joint behaviour in typical standard and exceptional design situations is possible to be evaluated. Problems related to the joint strength, stiffness and rotation capacity response under sagging moment in case of the column removal that simulates the frame system behaviour in an exceptional situation are addressed and conclusions drawn.