The paper presents studies on experimental investigation of beam-to-column joint behavior in standard and exceptional events situations. This assessment is done to form a picture of the general the behavior of full scale frameworks at both the level of the global behavior of the framework, in terms of its load-displacement characteristic, and of the local behavior of joints in terms of their moment-rotation characteristics, and evaluates details about the interaction of the joint elements and how they work together in a balanced manner, during exceptional events, this study concerns the joints which are subject to the collapse and also includes the behavior of joints in the neighborhood of the collapse. The intricacy of such investigations appear from nonlinear effects associated with the outlook of joint behavior or functioning, such as structural shortcomings, large displacements and rotations, inelastic properties of steel and concrete materials, the effects between steel and concrete, and slip between concrete and structural steel, through others. The paper addresses these problems using two types of joints flush and extended end-plate with four and eight bolts and provides recommendations and reasoning for the behavioral techniques for the evaluation of joint moment-rotation response when exposed to negative and positive moments together.

The paper presents studies on experimental investigation of beam-to-column joint behaviour in standard and exceptional events situations. This assessment is done to form a picture of the general the behavior of full scale frameworks at both the level of the global behavior of the framework, in terms of its load-displacement characteristic, and of the local behavior of joints in terms of their moment-rotation characteristics, and evaluates details about the interaction of the joint elements and how they work together in a balanced manner, during exceptional events, this study concerns the joints which are subject to the collapse and also includes the behavior of joints in the neighborhood of the collapse. The intricacy of such investigations appear from nonlinear effects associated with the outlook of joint behavior or functioning, such as structural shortcomings, large displacements and rotations, inelastic properties of steel and concrete materials, the effects between steel and concrete, and slip between concrete and structural steel, through others. The paper addresses these problems using two types of joints flush and extended end-plate with four and eight bolts and provides recommendations and reasoning for the behavioral techniques for the evaluation of joint moment-rotation response when exposed to negative and positive moments together.

The construction industry has become more complex due to changes in technology and the greater emphasis placed on satisfying green requirements. The design phase is the most important phase in determining the green performance of building projects. The performance of the design team is crucial. The selection of a design team should be based on a set of criteria. Therefore, a competent design teams is required to have a good understanding of environmental issues. Design teams require a range of competences such as skills of environmental assessments, initiatives and environmental background as the basis for design decisions. In addition, success of building projects greatly depends on the client’s performance. The performance of clients is crucial since decisions made will influence the overall project performance. The quality of clients’ representatives has potential influence on design team performance. In designing green buildings client’s attributes are critical factors to high performance of building projects. The propose of this study to identify the significant associations between variables of design team attributes and client qualities. To achieve mentioned aim a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data required. A sample of 274 respondents has been covered under the study, including architects and engineers practicing design and consultancy building sectors. Prior to analysis of data WINSTEPS software were used for Rasch modeling to determine validity and reliability of date. Descriptive analysis data includes quantitative and qualitative. The results indicate that the influence of Clients’ Qualities on Design Team 

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Aspects related to robustness of steel frameworks with semi-rigid steel and steel-concrete composite joints are dealt with. Experimental investigations were carried out for sub-frames fabricated in technical scale. Pushdown tests for steel subframes simulated the joint ability to transfer the bending moment and axial force under a column loss scenario. Tests on composite sub-frames were arranged in two stages. The first one was related to a service stage when the slab was under a gravity load and the column to be removed supported. The gravity load was sustained in the second stage when a column loss scenario was simulated. Experiments have shown that composite flush end-plate joints may not be robust enough since their low strength under sagging bending, despite of good ductility, does not allow for the redistribution of internal forces in order to achieve the equilibrium in the residual state after static column removal. Contrary, symmetrical steel and composite joints with extended end-plates on both sides of beam flanges seem to be more robust, despite of their lesser ductility. Robust bending behaviour is possible because extended end-plate joints exhibit a better balance between the strength and rotation capacity that allows to achieve the equilibrium state in case of a static column loss event.

The building projects are differentiated, each building project is unique in terms of size, the level of complexity, procurement systems required. The characteristics of building projects could have major influence on overall project performance. Building projects that incorporate green designs, which are complicated to understand or manage adequately and are more complex compared with typical building projects. Therefore, To achieve high-green design performance, understand crucial characteristics of building projects that may have affect performance level of green design is required. The propose of this study to identify key project characteristics of building projects influencing green design performance. To achieve mentioned aim a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect dada required. A sample of 274 respondents has been covered under the study, including architects and engineers practicing design and consultancy building sectors. Prior to analysis of data WINSTEPS software were used to determine validity and reliability of date. Descriptive analysis data includes quantitative and qualitative. The results revealed that the Project Size can influence the Green Design Performance. The type of Building and size of the project are the key factors influencing Green Design Performance. The Availability of Design Information was moderate. The Reused and Recycled Materials were hard to find, while Regional Materials were available in the market.

Progressive building collapse occurs when failure of a structural component leads to the failure and collapse of surrounding members, possibly promoting additional collapse. Global system collapse will occur if the damaged system is unable to reach a new static equilibrium configuration. The objective of this research is to identify and investigate the importance of issues related to the unexpected collapse resulting from the loss of key elements of the structure (a column or columns, for example). In this research study there are examined on the entire frame including details of the column loss scenario and also the influence of the ductility and strength of beam-to-column joints adjacent to the location of such as incident. The study also includes catenary action in beams resulting from collapse and its impact on the adjacent joints and reports on the comparison of negative and positive moments in joints. In addition, it records the important notes associated with the state of collapse and parts of this research include the conformity of numerical and analytical results, the ratio of credibility and conformity of results and the test. This thesis reports in detail on the experimental and numerical investigations of the behaviour of steel and composite joints, which aim to develop common solutions with regard to the joint semi-rigid and partial strength properties that might allow for significant rotations and the redistribution of internal forces in structural system when there was a damage to its key element such as a column. Investigations of steel and composite joints with regard to their ductile behaviour are presented. Thereby special attention is paid to shaping of …

Pavement distress is an indication of pavement layer deterioration. There are many types of

deteriorations; however, rutting, defined as the permanent deformation forming longitudinal

surface depressions in the wheel paths, is one of the most important kind of distress that affect

the safety and the ride quality of flexible pavement. The main objective of this study was to

develop an empirical pavement rutting model for the wet freeze zone, which is one of the four

long term pavement performance (LTPP) climate zones, to predict the depth of pavement rutting

on granular bases. Using the LTPP database, the study aimed at a better understanding of the

pavement rutting phenomena and the factors that may affect pavement rutting. Multiple

regression analysis was performed to develop a flexible pavement rutting model. The proposed

model was developed based on the relationship between the response variable rut depth, and

predictor variables of traffic loads, structural number, Marshall stiffness, air voids in the total

mix, and voids in the mineral aggregate. It was found that traffic loads was the predominant

factor that have a significant effect on pavement rutting, which agrees with the existing

literature, as well as engineering knowledge and practice. Following the traffic loads, structural

number was the most significant secondary factor, followed by percent of voids in the total mix,

• voids in the mineral aggregate, and Marshall stiffness.

ABSTRACT

In order to capture the effect of joint progressive stiffness degradation with the hardening effect taken into account, the three parametric continuous model is adopted hereafter for the analytical formulation. The current paper is an extension of the previous work (Gizejowski et al. 2012) giving all the details of the developed model together with a calibration procedure for basic model parameters. Experimental data used was obtained from laboratory tests carried out at the Warsaw University of Technology for beam-to-column joints of different reinforcement ratio. The results of calibration exercise as well as the values of calibrated model parameters are given for practical application.

Problem statement: In the construction industry, success of building projects greatly depends on the client’s performance. The performance of clients is crucial since decisions made will influence the overall project performance. Typically, clients are represented by managerial and technical representatives during the design process. They play major roles in conveying required information to the design team regarding their future project. The quality of clients’ representatives has potential influence on design team performance. In designing green buildings client’s attributes are critical factors to high performance of building projects. Attributes such as knowledge and experience on green buildings, commitment level to green and clients’ ability to participate and manage design process are the key factors to produce green design. The propose of this study to identify current performance level of clients of building projects and establish key clients’ attributes influencing green design performance. Approach: To achieve mentioned aim a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect dada required. A sample of 274 respondents has been covered under the study, including architects and engineers practicing design and consultancy building sectors. Prior to analysis of data WINSTEPS software were used for Rasch modeling to determine validity and reliability of date. Descriptive analysis data includes quantitative and qualitative. Results and Conclusion: Client qualities in general were low, client communication with design team; client involvement and ability to coordinate design process were moderate. However, Knowledge and experience on green …